The article examines the phonetic features of the French language in Senegal. The phonetic transformations that occur under the influence of autochthonous languages are considered in the acrolect, basilect and mesolect versions of the language. Examples and analysis of phonetic substitutions and oppositions of both vowels and consonants are given. Interference also depends on sociolinguistic factors, such as the level of education and wealth of the family, and the place of residence.

This paper makes an attempt to provide a thorough insight into the essence of causative-consecutive interaction and prove that it is the base of scientific knowledge. Everything in the world has its cause and effect. They are essential components of medical knowledge which are reflected in medical terms. The aim of the article is to investigate the way medical terms represent the gnoseological category of cause and effect, to reveal its explicit and implicit characteristics. The methods of definitional, derivational, semantic, categorical, conceptual, and compositional analysis are used in the investigation. The paper assumes the terms representing the category of cause and effect prevail in medical terminology. This prevalence is due to extralinguistic factors such as aetiology and the consequences of a disease. The authors introduce the notion “causal term relevance” and develop a number of rules of relevance. These rules and the study of extralinguistic factors and implicit logical links between word(term)-building elements revealed 11 prototype causative-consecutive characteristics. Each group represent one type of causative-consecutive relations. Definite category features, demonstrating cause and effect categories, combine terms in every group. Conclusion. The category of cause and effect is one of the most important medical concepts because it deals with the theory of pathology and is able to represent both the aetiology of the diseases and the conditions of the development of the disease by language means. The choice of language means by the author of the term influence the evolution of the scientific concept.

The issue of semantic features of special medical lexis in lexicographic aspect is considered. The stages of development of special medical lexis glossary are described. At the first stage, the choice of medical sphere and target audience is justified. At the second stage, typological parameters are determined, according to which the glossary is terminological, bilingual, explanatory, thesaurus and encyclopedic, network one. At the third stage, a corpus of terms, as well as their dictionary and contextual definitions, selected from dictionaries of medical terms and popular-science medical text was formed. At the fourth stage, the analysis of dictionary and contextual definitions is carried out using component analysis; semantic features of special lexis are described. At the fifth stage, the glossary is in an electronic document with hyperlinks. The designed glossary contains the following structural components: term, dictionary definition, context, context translation, contextual definition, term translation.

The article defines the essence of extremist discourse as a kind of destructive communication. It is indicated that within the framework of the legal linguistic paradigm, the study of the genre repertoire of extremist discourse is carried out taking into account the subject of the speech work, the reference situation, the pragmalinguistic and nominative aspects, specific linguistic means and expressivity. Based on the material of expert practice, such genres as interviews, feuilleton and demotivator are characterized.

This article is devoted to the study of English as an international language in the era of globalization, in particular, the question of the main advantages and disadvantages of using English for international communication is subject to research. In the article the following issues are considered: major theories of the origin and the future of the globalization, sociolinguistic conceptions of the English language globalization, basic features of English as lingua franca (ELF).

Special knowledge coded with the help of scientific language is difficult for understanding by a non-specialist. The understanding of a new scientific idea is reached by explaining it by means of scientific knowledge representation forms in the text. The comparison is made between such forms of scientific knowledge representation as an explicative, a definition and an explanation as they are related to expanding the meaning of new notions. The results of analysing the role that an explicative plays in the text as a form of knowledge representation are described in the article. Research methods of the form are characterized. Identification, comparison and explanation of the difference between functioning of explicatives, definitions and explanations are relevant due to the development of scientific knowledge in the course of increase in scientific and technological inventions that have to be described.

The article describes the process of compiling a psycholinguistic portrait of a "difficult" patient. We carried out the analysis of the reactions to the stimulus "Difficult patient" obtained in a targeted psycholinguistic experiment with the participation of doctors of different specialties. Component analysis of interpretations was used to identify semantic features that actualize this stimulus. An associative field was built, the nuclear zone of which is formed by the semantic features "Psychology", the perinuclear zone – "Medicine", the peripheral zone – "Doctor's attitude". Based on the data obtained during the psycholinguistic experiment, a "difficult" patient appears as having personal characteristics, characterized by conflict behavior, including resistance to treatment, distinguished by the severity of the disease, difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, on the one hand, requiring additional efforts from the doctor, and on the other hand, stimulating his professional growth.

Precedence in linguistics is considered as a way of reflecting national cultural traditions in texts, which is manifested in the evaluation and perception of historical events, personalities, myths, artistic monuments and literary works, including oral folk art. This phenomenon includes both collective and individual cultural codes, which are perceived and interpreted by native speakers, forming the basis for intercultural communication. In the context of learning Russian by foreigners, precedent phenomena play a key role in mastering not only linguistic but also cultural aspects, which allows to penetrate deeper into the mentality of Russian language speakers. When foreigners study Russian, it is the most important part of mastering linguoculture. However, the active fund and quality of precedent statements in the speech of foreigners has its own specificity. This study focuses on the study of Chinese students' preferences in the use of precedent statements of the Russian language.

The article examines with the proverbs and sayings related to the periphery of the concept «holiday/id». The interpretative field of the concept includes components reflecting Tajik perceptions of holiday, various judgments and evaluations by representing the concept in its entirety. The analysis highlights features reflected in the studied proverbs, that are: hospitality, emphasizing the guest’s treatment, his role, and associated customs, playing a crucial role in holiday understanding. The guests are honored more than the father and the household members. However, their stay is limited. Treats and a set table bear the character of hospitality in Tajik language proverbs. Holidays and time also have a significant influence, bringing aspects of timely and untimely actions, as well as future events predictions. The component «holiday» most often includes the lexeme «id» itself, as well as the names of holidays: «Navruz», «tui/wedding» and related omens.  Thus, the analysis of proverbs enriches understanding of Tajik culture and its correlation with holidays, illustrating holidays’ integral role in Tajik life and cultural heritage

This article is devoted to the consideration of existing level classifications of equivalence, in particular, the classification of G. Jaeger as a method for assessing translated texts in the English-Russian language pair. When working with texts, methods of contextual and corpus analysis were used, as well as a synthesis method to identify similarities between translations. The texts were assessed by assigning each one an appropriate classification level. According to the results of the assessment with its help, three texts turned out to be of the highest level of compliance with the original. In addition to the selection of texts carried out, conclusions were drawn about the composition and hierarchy of levels and about the successful prospects for using classifications in translation activities.

The practice-oriented model of education is considered in the article as one of the options for flexible educational systems focused on the rapidly growing pace of modernization of most sectors of the economy. The authors summarize and critically analyze the experience of implementing the practice-oriented model of education at Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Astrakhan state medical university of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, consistently considering all the structural elements of practice oriented education. The article examines and substantiates the effectiveness of revising the traditional approach to education in a practice-oriented way. The issues of those changes that the educational environment of the university undergoes in the practice-oriented model of education and the prospects for the development of this model are touched upon.