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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lobrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лингвистика и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Linguistics &amp; education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9519</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBEI НЕ Astrakhan SMU МОН Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/2712-9519-2025-4-31-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lobrj-244</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурно-языковые особенности формулировок учебных заданий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural and linguistic features of educational task formulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатикова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatikova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богатикова Евгения Павловна - кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры лингводидактики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogatikova Evgeniia Pavlovna - candidate of philology, associate professor of the Department of linguodidactics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogatikova.eugene@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердников</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdnikov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердников Даниил Дмитриевич - магистр направления "Цифровая лингводидактика"</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Berdnikov Daniil Dmitrievich - Master's degree in Digital Linguodidactics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Субботина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbotina</surname><given-names>Iu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Субботина Юлия Валерьевна - магистр направления "Цифровая лингводидактика"</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Subbotina Iulia Valeryevna - Master's degree in Digital Linguodidactics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Perm State National Research University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богатикова Е.П., Бердников Д.Д., Субботина Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богатикова Е.П., Бердников Д.Д., Субботина Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogatikova E.P., Berdnikov D.D., Subbotina I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lobrj.ru/jour/article/view/244">https://www.lobrj.ru/jour/article/view/244</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья рассматривает формулировки заданий в англоязычных учебных пособиях как устойчивый тип учебного текста и предлагает их лингвистическое описание на уровнях Elementary и Intermediate по шкале CEFR. На материале серии учебных пособий English File 4th edition (Oxford) сформирован специализированный корпус текстов формулировок заданий, который прошёл ручную лингвистическую разметку для выделения морфосинтаксических, лексико-семантических и формальных признаков. Каждая формулировка сегментировалась на две функциональные зоны: «базовую», задающую директивное действие, и «специальную», параметризующую выполнение задания через отсылки к источнику, критериям и формату ответа. Сравнительный анализ выявил взаимосвязь между градацией сложности уровня изучаемого языка и формулировкой задания: на уровне Elementary преобладают краткие линейные формулировки с императивами и минимальной параметризацией; на Intermediate возрастает синтаксическая и лексическая вариативность, активизируется модальность, инструкции становятся многошаговыми и опираются на «аналитические» операторы (compare, analyse, suggest). В ходе исследования получена операционализированная модель формулировок заданий, как типа директивного микротекста, и инвентарь признаков, пригодных для лингвистических и педагогических целей. Результаты исследования могут использоваться для автоматизации лингвистической разметки текстов, автоматизированной валидации соответствия уровням CEFR, проектирования эффективных формулировок заданий с контролируемой сложностью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article aims at examination of task formulations in English-language textbooks as a stable type of educational text and offers a linguistic description of them at the Elementary and Intermediate levels according to CEFR. Using the English File 4th edition (Oxford) series of textbooks, a specialized corpus of task formulations was built. Next, it underwent manual linguistic markup to identify morphosyntactic, lexical semantic and formal features. Each formulation was segmented into two functional zones: a "basic" one, which specifies a directive action, and a "special" one, which parameterizes task completion through references to the source, criteria, and response format. A comparative analysis revealed a relationship between the gradation of the difficulty level of the language and the task formulation: at the Elementary level, short linear formulations with imperatives and minimal parameterization predominate; At Intermediate, syntactic and lexical variability increases, modality is activated, instructions become multi-step and rely on "analytical" operators (compare, analyze, suggest). Thus, the study yielded an operationalized model of task formulations as a type of directive microtext and an inventory of features suitable for linguistic and pedagogical purposes. The results of the study can be used to automate the linguistic tagging of texts, automated validation of compliance with CEFR levels, and the design of effective task formulations with controlled difficulty.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>формулировка заданий</kwd><kwd>учебный дискурс</kwd><kwd>учебная инструкция</kwd><kwd>учебное задание</kwd><kwd>лексическая вариативность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>task formulation</kwd><kwd>educational discourse</kwd><kwd>educational instruction</kwd><kwd>text linguistics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harmer J. How to teach English: An introduction to the practice of English language teaching. Harlow, England: Longman. 1998. – Pp. 4-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harmer J. How to teach English: An introduction to the practice of English language teaching. 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